Essential Gear for Boarding School

Youre off to boarding school. What a great adventure! Yes, it is kind of scary leaving your own home and moving into a strange place. But think of it this way: its all going to be new, different and exciting! And you are doing this before most kids do since most kids leave home for the first time when they go to college. So, what should you bring from home? Well, the school will provide you with a very detailed list of items they want you to bring, and we have a list of essential items for you here. Make sure you have all that stuff. But what else might you need? Check out this list of boarding school gear that will help make your experience even better. 1. Music Most students just cannot live without their tunes. If youre the same way, make sure to load up your iTunes list with the latest music or get a subscription to Pandora, Spotify or another music service. Dont forget to pack whatever  charger you need or even some portable  speakers. An extra set of earbuds couldnt hurt, as well as a set of nice noise canceling headphones. You never know when theres going to be a loud night on dorm and you want to get some homework done or head to bed early, and escaping with your favorite music can be exactly what you need. Bring whatever patch cables you need to hook it all up, too. 2. Laptop and Printer The school will probably specify the kind of laptop you need to bring. It may even be part of your first yearbook fees. In any case, you will need your laptop together with any essential CDs such as the operating system/restore disk, your anti-virus software, etc. A multi-function printer is worth its weight in gold. A USB hub will be useful to connect all your peripherals. Make sure you have all the required dongles and cords to make everything connect, and you might even consider purchasing an extra charger. That way, you can leave one charger in your dorm room and leave one in your bag just in case.   3. Sports Equipment Skates, skis, soccer cleats, golf clubs, tennis and squash racquets, swim goggles, saddle, riding crop and boots. Any of all of these items could be on your list depending on the season and the location of your school. It doesnt all have to come with you; you can always order things online and have them delivered to campus. Or, just make sure you have the sports equipment you need for the fall semester. You can pick up the rest when you go home for breaks and holidays. 4. Cellphone While there will be rules about when and where you can use your cell phone, you will need it. Make sure your service plan allows for unlimited texting and nationwide calling. Dont forget the charger and maybe bring a few. You might consider purchasing an external charger to keep you powered as you go along. A good case can also protect your phone against cracking and chipping.   5. Credit and ATM Card Most schools will give you an opportunity to get an account set up with a local bank, if you need one, which will provide you with an ATM card. Your school may also provide a campus purchasing plan through a one-card system or similar set up. But, you may also want to consider having a separate  credit card for those unexpected emergencies. Use it sparingly for casual purchases only, and make sure you and your parents have a clear understanding about how much you can spend per month. Have an ATM card as well. To prevent fraud have your parents keep a nominal amount in the account the ATM card draws against. They can always add more funds as necessary.

The Greatful Dead Essay - 840 Words

The Greatful Dead A simple definition of a sub-culture is a group of people who have norms, values, and beliefs that are distinct from those of the main stream culture. A subculture is a group of people who have a distinct way of life. Dead heads fit into this category. They believe that there are many interpretations of reality, and that everyones interpretations are somewhat valid, but none of them are real. There are two reasons why this sub-culture has continued to exist for as long as it has, the first being a historical one. The Greatful Dead was the house band for many of the electra acid tests, and they were closely tied to everything that happened in Ashbury throughout the sixties. The Dead are the aires of the†¦show more content†¦As a result, people started sending in their addresses and the Dead began mailing them information about upcoming shows as well as new albums. They gave their fans an identity all to themselves. All of the information the band sent out, came addr essed, Dear Dead Head. A second thing the Band did throughout their first few years was develop symbols that made it possible for dead heads to recognize one another outside from the concert setting. The skull and lightning bolt, the dancing bears, and the skull and roses, just to name a few. Even later on, tie-dyes became a popular symbol of the Greatful Dead. All of these symbols made it possible for dead heads to recognize one another, and gave them an opening to approach strangers. Freedom is expressed by dead heads in many ways. It is expressed by their use of drugs, and by their tendency to do things unusual when compared to the main stream life style, such as changing clothes between two cars in a parking lot. Law officials are of course very prevalent in the parking lot of shows, enforcing societies norms. However, there is a lot of order that is generated from within the subculture, and that is very important for people outside the subculture to know and to understa nd. The Greatful Dead hire a group of people called the Skeleton Crew, who make their way around the parking lot discouraging the use and the sale of alcohol and drugs, such as Marijuana, LSD, and Nitris-Oxide. ThereShow MoreRelatedEssay on Jerry Garcia And The Grateful Dead1738 Words   |  7 Pages Jerry Garcia and The Grateful Dead nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Jerome John Garcia was born in 1942, in San Franciscos Mission District. His father, a spanish immigrant named Jose quot;Joequot; Garcia, had been a jazz clarinetist and Dixieland bandleader in the thirties, and he named his new son after his favorite Broadway composer, Jerome Kern. In the spring of 1948, while on a fishing trip, Garcia saw his father swept to his death by a California river. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;AfterRead MoreDoes Steinbeck condemn Curleys wife, or sympathize with her?736 Words   |  3 Pagesand is condemned to death by telling the story of her life to Lennie, of how she has not fulfilled her live and feels it was a waste. However, many form a negative opinion of her due to threatening Crooks, acting like a `†tart† and not being greatful for what she has got so her death is not shown as the great tragedy that it is. To conclude, I feel in life Steinbeck condemns Curley’s wife through her life, however in the lead up to her â€Å"murder† and in death the mood changes and dramaticallyRead More 1960-19701279 Words   |  6 Pagessixties but to elders it was frightening and mystifying. Rock music became the most important way to unite the new hippie aesthetic. 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I do, with all my heart (Act 3 Scene 5) Notice that she only saysRead MoreThe Day Of Roaming The Airport1606 Words   |  7 Pages Where I’m from it feels dead. Maybe because we all are. Wait, that’s a lie. There are a few remaining humans here but I’ve never gotten close enough to have an actual conversation with one. Even if I did, I’m almost certain I wouldn t be able to control my hunger for them. If you haven’t figured it out by now, I am a zombie. But not the crazy killing-everything-in-sight kind. Yes, I do live off of consuming human flesh but at least I am conflicted about doing so. Anyway, today is like any otherRead MoreThe, And, Loss Of Sovereignty1246 Words   |  5 Pagesand the words Grand Canyon† (298). When people see these items, like a postcard, they expect them to look like that postcard. If they ever get the chance to see that image in real life, and it looks just like the postcard, they’ll be pleased and greatful. If the real life image don’t look like the postcard, they’ll be upset and would feel like they’re missing â⠂¬Å"it.† The man in Boston couldn’t see the value because he’s too focused on seeing the defaults of the Grand Canyon. Strictly speaking, he’sRead MoreDrugs And Its Effects On Drugs1338 Words   |  6 Pagesform. LSD, Lysergic acid diethylamide, is a schedule one drug that made its name during the beginning of the 1960’s because of the culture’s general acceptance of drug use, especially hallucinogens. The sponsorship of famous bands such as the Greatful Dead, and other public figures for LSD propelled the drug into national fame. The hallucinogenic effects drew all eyes and minds toward the drug, including that of the Central Intelligence Agency. The CIA attempted to utilize the drug in the effortsRead MoreEssay about History Of Rock And Roll1330 Words   |  6 PagesMotown great. This started the trend of soul music.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the 1960s hippies, drugs (LSD and Acid), and protests filled the air of this time. Groups such as The Mamas and The Papas, Country Joe and the Fish, Jefferson Airplane, and the Greatful Dead were influenced by these trends.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Woodstock Festival that took place in August 1969, showed that by this time that music was an important element in the life of Americas youth. This brought about a whole different look at the musicRead MoreRichard 3rd Comparison1485 Words   |  6 Pagesjustice can come about? In modern times, I do not believe in retributive justice. I believe that death can be solved by jail time, these people who are in jail may rather be dead, so why give them the satisfaction? Justice can now come about by the perpetrator being put into a jail cell and the victims family being greatful they’re locked away to think about that they have done. Although, I do believe in the times Margaret lived, death may have been a form of justice as the jails may not have beenRead MoreEssay about Coyote And Don Maclean3291 Words   |  14 Pagesdevil is laughing at the terrible events that are going on, chaos broke out in the front of the arena and a young man was beaten and stabbed to death by the Hells Angels, the hired security guards for the Rolling Stones (on the advice of the Greatful Dead) (Kulawiec). Jack Flash is Mick Jagger, the lead singer of the Rolling Stones, and when he sat on a candle stick,quot; the candlestick was the Beatles Candlestick Park concert which was their last live concert (Jordan). So Jack finally burned

Difference Between Behaviourism and Cognitism Free Essays

When the Cognitive Revolution overturned Behaviorism as the dominant paradigm of learning, many people believed cognitivism to be radically different than behaviorism as it tried to explain many of the characteristics of learning that behaviorism failed to account for. For example, behaviorism emphasized only the change in outward behavior, which they defined as learning. Behaviorism declares the mechanistic and deterministic views of the law of effect, classical and operant conditioning, and ultimately the explanation of learning due purely to biological factors. We will write a custom essay sample on Difference Between Behaviourism and Cognitism or any similar topic only for you Order Now Behaviorism considers factors such as reinforcement history and maturation levels in affecting the ability it learn, and emphasizes maintaining learned behavior through repeated reviews of expectations and schedules of reinforcement. Cognitivism, on the other hand, defines learning more broadly to include a change in thinking, beliefs, attitudes, and values. It emphasizes the role of the mind as a schematic network and recognizes the importance of prior knowledge in making new connections. Ultimately, learning is compared to a computer model of processing information, which includes many processes that cannot be seen or measured. Cognitivism focuses on the role of memory in storing and retrieving knowledge. Transfer is seen as being the goal of acquiring knowledge so that people can apply that knowledge in new domains. Also, Cognitivism recognizes the influence of motivation on learning in encouraging people to learn things to a greater degree. Cognitivism accounts for more complex forms of thinking and learning. Although these two theories have many significant differences, they also have some similarities. Although I feel the cognitive psychology went a lot further in explaining the nature of learning, it does not completely escape the criticisms of behaviorism as far as mechanism and determinism. According to Williams, even though the cognitive revolution tried to remedy the mechanistic and deterministic aspects of behaviorism, it did not succeed. Both behaviorism and cognitivism are mechanistic and deterministic. In both behaviorism and cognitivism, people are seen as mechanical machines that react according to circumstance and behavior can be predicted based on either a Stimulus-Response or according to the information inputted into the computer machine. They are both missing significant factors of learning as far as accounting for learning in social contexts. They also both have aspects of a â€Å"black box† in them that does not completely explain how or why the learning occurs. For behaviorism, the â€Å"black box† is the explanation between stimulus and response. In Cognitivism, it is how the central executive works, or what controls the working memory. Williams pointed out that theories just create homunculi that are like little men in our brains controlling what’s going on, but never really explaining anything more for us. How to cite Difference Between Behaviourism and Cognitism, Essay examples

Korea Essay Example For Students

Korea Essay North and South Korea are nations that while filled withcontempt for Japan have used the foundations that Japan laid duringthe colonial period to further industrialization. Japans colonizationof Korea is critical in understanding what enabled Korea toindustrialize in the period since 1961. Japans program of colonial industrialization is unique inthe world. Japan was the only colonizer to locate various heavyindustry is in its colonies. By 1945 the industrial plants in Koreaaccounted for about a quarter of Japans industrial base. Japanscolonization of Korea was therefore much more comparable to therelationship between England and Ireland then that of Europeancolonization of Asia or Africa. Japans push to create colonialindustry lead Japan to build a vast network of railroads, ports, and asystem of hydro-electric dams and heavy industrial plants around theYalu River in what is now North Korea. The Japanese to facilitate andmanage the industrialization of a colony also put in place a strongcentral government. Although Japans colonial industrialism in Korea was aimed atadvancing Japanese policies and goals and not those of the Koreanpopulace; colonization left Korea with distinct advantages over otherdeveloping countries at the end of World War Two. Korea was left witha base for industrializing, a high level of literacy, experience withmodern commerce, and close ties to Japan. Japans colonial heavyindustrial plants were located primarily around the Yalu River inNorth Korea. Because of this the North had an edge inindustrialization. For many years the North had the fastest growthrates of the communist countries, and its cities were on par withthose of Eastern Europe. It was not until the early 1970s that theSouth surpassed the North in levels of industrialization. Because mostof the heavy industrial plants were either located in North Korea ordestroyed by the Korean War the groundwork for industrialization thatSouth Korea received from Japanese colonialism consisted mostly ofsocial changes. During colonialism Koreas populace in increasingnumbers moved to cities and became urbanized these new urbanitesworked in factories and were used to the organization of moderncommerce. The Japanese also let a small number of Koreans develop intoa semi-elite. Although this group never held powerful positions manyof them were educated in Japanese schools, and became either involvedin the military or worked as businessmen, bureaucrats, lawyers, anddoctors. This elite provided much of the leadership and framework forpost World War Two Korean Government in Korea. They had an intimateknowledge of Japanese companies, language, organizational structure,and government. The Korean elites that emerged after the liberation of 1945and helped steer Koreas economic policies under Park Chung Hee had anintimate knowledge of Japan. Some of them like Park had been educatedin Japanese schools, some had worked for the Japanese, and nearly allof them spoke fluent Japanese. It was this closeness to Japan bothgeographically and culturally that made it natural for the Koreans touse the Japanese model of industrialization when Japans economyboomed in the 1960s and 1970s. The leaders of Korea were ambivalentabout relying on Japan, on one hand they felt a profound respect forJapan and its successes and on the other a deep hatred for what Japanhad done to Korea in the past. But Japan still served as a model forPark Chung Hee who normalized relations with Japan in 1965 and turnedto Japan for technology, equipment, and a model for development. Some nationalistic Korean scholars say that Japanscolonialism slowed Koreas growth by exploiting Korea and disturbingits economy. But these views of Korea ignore the fundamental role thatJapans policies of industrial colonialism played in allowing Korea toIndustrialize during the 1960s. Japans colonialism improvedinfrastructure, urbanized the nation, educated much of the populace,gave the pubic experience with modern commerce, and indoctrinatedKorean elites in the Japanese language and culture. It was Koreanelites history and close ties with Japan that made them turn naturallyto Japan to provide a development model. Japans legacy of colonialismin Korea is felt not only in the many graves and monuments thatattest to Japanese brutality but also in the modern cities of SouthKorea and the heavy industries along the Yalu River in the North.

Partisan Demagoguery

The difference between socialism and active state liberalism Socialism is viewed as a complicated system since it entails diverse implications, as far as freedom is concerned. Socialists believe that, the idea of individual freedom is not appropriate because it overlooks many fundamental aspects. Since proponents advocate for freedom that jointly affects the entire community, other factions in the debate may believe that socialists are opposed to freedom.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Partisan Demagoguery specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, liberals believe in individual freedom and, thus, a socialist approach would sound faulty. Socialists assert that the agent, who is also the worker or producer, should not be issued with freedom in isolation. This implies that an individual should not achieve freedom and its relative benefits through the hard work of another person (Ball Dagger, 2009). They should all benefit from their input in a similar fashion. Such factors dictate the need to have an identical magnitude of freedom for everyone. On the other hand, active state liberals embrace a refined approach in the issue of individual liberty. This faction believes that the state might stand out as evil, but its participation guarantees an impartial society. Here, the state can provide conditions that support freedom for all individuals through social initiatives like Medicare. The biggest difference between the two groups is that socialists campaign for total freedom for all people, while active state liberals fail to account for genuine equitability (Ball Dagger, 2009). Social initiatives like Medicare provide favorable conditions for all, but some individuals are charged more than the others. On a basic level, active states tend to formulate these systems because such societies are usually unequal from the very beginning (Stephen, 2008). A socialist society would solve this problem from its roots. The difference between fascism and a minimal State Fascism stands out as a unique ideology that was mainly practiced in Italy. Here, the people are expected to dedicate all their time and resources to the state in a process that would supposedly enhance real freedom. In other words, fascists believe that real freedom can only be achieved in terms of collective endeavors that are embodied in the state. They also believe that an organic perspective of the society is more significant as opposed to atomism and/or individualism. Fascism, as a school of thought, advocates for service to the state, if genuine freedom is to be achieved (Spencer, 1996). It is, however, evident that the state must employ unique measures in a bid to ensure that the people adhere to its stipulations and demands.Advertising Looking for critical writing on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, Mussol ini’s fascist empire employed propaganda and military conquests in order to control the Italians (Ball Dagger, 2009). Fascism definitely promotes corrupt ideologies that stem from the loopholes created by its constituents. In simpler terms, fascism is a practical depiction of the â€Å"evils† found in any typical state. These are the same â€Å"evils† that minimal state liberals strive to avoid in their various platforms of operation. On the contrary, minimal state liberals possess a different approach to genuine freedom as opposed to the fascists. They also believe that the individual is the most important center of political interest. Therefore, individual freedom stands out as the most significant aspect in any minimal state (Ball Dagger, 2009). Whereas the state remains vibrant in a fascist society, it possesses a limited role in a minimal state. This particular design aims at protecting individual freedoms from an encroachment that could easily be propaga ted by the state. Regardless of the â€Å"evil† label given to the state, some neo-liberals believe that the state is a necessary â€Å"evil† that can be tolerated provided the constitution is fully operational. Reflections on name calling Name calling between active liberals and socialists basically stems from simple misunderstandings. It may arise from ignoring the exploitative nature of active liberalism. This is evidenced in the overcharging of some individuals in a given state, despite providing facilities that seemingly promote collective freedom. The issue of labeling a state as evil leads to the tendency of equating a minimal state to a fascist state. However, the former only depicts the state as â€Å"evil,† while the latter is a typical manifestation of the state’s â€Å"evil† nature. The two indications can easily confuse an individual. References Ball, T. Dagger, R. (2009). Political Ideologies and the Democratic Ideal. NY: Pearson Lon gman. Spencer D. (1996). Italian Socialism: between Politics and History. Massachusetts, USA: University of Massachusetts Press.Advertising We will write a custom critical writing sample on Partisan Demagoguery specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Stephen D. (2008). Politics: the basics. New York: Routledge. This critical writing on Partisan Demagoguery was written and submitted by user Nathalie Hawkins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Alexander III

What made Alexander III so great? I have been interested in Alexander III since I learned of in him in the forth grade. Alexander was a great military and political genius who should not be forgotten. Many of his actions have affected us today. That may be hard to believe since he lived some 2330 years ago. Alexander III was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia. Alexander was brought up as the crown prince. From the beginning he was destined to be a great king. His teacher was none other than Aristotle. Under his tutelage Alexander acquired a great love for Homer. He was truly a student of the heroic age. His mother was Olympias until Philip divorced her for a younger princess. This estranged Alexander and his father. It became so bad that Alexander fled. Although, he was later allowed to return, he remained isolated and insecure until Philip’s mysterious assassination around June 336 BC. Some historians believe that Alexander played a role in the assassination. This is all speculation since it happened so many years ago. After his fathers death Alexander was at once presented to the army as king. This was huge for Alexander. Winning its support he at once eliminated all potential rivals to the crown. He was also able to gain the allegiance of the Macedonian nobles. That proved easier than what he had to do to gain the allegiance of the Greeks. The Greeks rebelled, but Alexander quickly put them down and destroyed Thebes. With all inside opposition crushed and able to claim the right as king, Alexander moved to pacify the neighboring barbarians. After this was accomplished he took on his fathers war of aggression against Persia, adapting his slogan of, Hellenic Crusade against the barbarian. Alexander first defeated the small force defending Anatolia. He proclaimed freedom for the Greek cities there while keeping them under tight control. He then took the campaign to the Anatolian high lands to impress the tribesman. Alexander met ... Free Essays on Alexander III Free Essays on Alexander III What made Alexander III so great? I have been interested in Alexander III since I learned of in him in the forth grade. Alexander was a great military and political genius who should not be forgotten. Many of his actions have affected us today. That may be hard to believe since he lived some 2330 years ago. Alexander III was the son of Philip II, king of Macedonia. Alexander was brought up as the crown prince. From the beginning he was destined to be a great king. His teacher was none other than Aristotle. Under his tutelage Alexander acquired a great love for Homer. He was truly a student of the heroic age. His mother was Olympias until Philip divorced her for a younger princess. This estranged Alexander and his father. It became so bad that Alexander fled. Although, he was later allowed to return, he remained isolated and insecure until Philip’s mysterious assassination around June 336 BC. Some historians believe that Alexander played a role in the assassination. This is all speculation since it happened so many years ago. After his fathers death Alexander was at once presented to the army as king. This was huge for Alexander. Winning its support he at once eliminated all potential rivals to the crown. He was also able to gain the allegiance of the Macedonian nobles. That proved easier than what he had to do to gain the allegiance of the Greeks. The Greeks rebelled, but Alexander quickly put them down and destroyed Thebes. With all inside opposition crushed and able to claim the right as king, Alexander moved to pacify the neighboring barbarians. After this was accomplished he took on his fathers war of aggression against Persia, adapting his slogan of, Hellenic Crusade against the barbarian. Alexander first defeated the small force defending Anatolia. He proclaimed freedom for the Greek cities there while keeping them under tight control. He then took the campaign to the Anatolian high lands to impress the tribesman. Alexander met ...

Team Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Team Work - Essay Example The Belbin theory of team building states that in order to build a good team, a workplace should be assessed in great detail to look at the strength and weaknesses of individuals. The information learned at this stage can be used in selecting the right people for the right task. It will help in building good working relationship because people with the right skills will be doing the right tasks and hence will enjoy success and authority over what they do and this will in turn make them more confident and will help them achieve their targets with ease. It will also help the development of high performing teams because right people will be doing the right work. This will create positive synergies and generated output will greater than the sum of inputs by the team. It will also help build mutual trust and understanding because all the team members will know that right people are doing the right job and hence it will be easier for all team members to communicate, report any blunders and take the corrective action as a team if necessary. All of this will build a winning team which will work extremely efficiently in congregation to achieve their tasks, goals and target within the given span of time. Belbin also gave a clear definition of team members. He believed that personality hardly matters in team setting. An individual should be judged by the way he behave, contributes and interrelates with the other team members and sees them as his peer. Team working can help team members in working in the field in which they are strong in and eliminating their weak aspects by assigning some of the tasks to people who are good at one of the team member’s weakness. In other words, team work is a congregation of strengths and elimination of weaknesses. Everyone in a team can focus on the core competencies while letting other team members do the task in which one is weak in. This is an impressive utilization of the congregational strengths that a team has. It leads the t eam to be more efficient, productive and time efficient. As a result, many of the large organizations divide their work in projects to be completed by competent team of individuals having varied skills sets and way of think. This eliminates the problem of being stuck in tasks and all the work flows smoothly which benefits the entire organization. During research done on the topic, it was found that balance is the key in the success of a team and individual’s that are part of a team. Too much of one kind of skills may lead to a team that may not be able to operate as efficiently as a team that has varied skill sets. Hence, all kinds of skills should be given a weightage when composing a ideal team. This weightage should then be compared with the skills required in a job and team composition should not be complete until and unless the two are not in equilibrium or the sum of skills sets required in a job and sum of skill sets of a team are equal. Only then an ideal team will be formed, when both are in equality. Belbin allowed certain types of weaknesses in a team. These include people who are forgetful, people who delegate too much work leaving too little for them, people who are slow, perfectionists, bad-humored and specialist in their old fields. All of these weaknesses are accepted because there is no incompatibility in the team’s targets and all of these weaknesses are personality based and not work based. Hence, Belbin believes that these types of weaknesses in a team setting are allowable and does not make much difference as compared to work related weaknesses. The personal example that I would like to share through this essay is when I was completing a research work in a group. I encountered people of diverse personality

Quality of life and functioning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Quality of life and functioning - Essay Example A holistic nursing plan is vital when caring for patients as in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas. Among other things, the nurse as a care giver should work together with health facilities and community members in the promotion and maintenance of health, illness care and rehabilitation of patients. Quality of Life and Functioning Good health is desirable for all people whether they are reasonable or not. However, in some instances, human beings end up being affected by chronic diseases, such as cancer, that have grievous implications on the life of an individual. Chronic diseases like cancer can lead a person to experience grave depression as he/she tries to deal with the effects of the disease. Individuals with chronic diseases often experience challenges in their social life as they are not able to enjoy life as expected (Aldwin & Gilmer, 2004). It is important to note that persons with chronic diseases need to be given adequate care. They should be assisted to meet their personal ne eds, such as bathing, toileting and dressing. In addition, they should be given the necessary assistance in performing their daily tasks like shopping, paying bills, using telephone, as well as navigating physical and social environments. Health promotion services should be able to optimize health and healthy behavior of individuals suffering from chronic diseases. ... Dangerous diseases, such as breast cancer affecting Mrs. Thomas, have serious effects in life. They can interfere with quite a lot of everyday activities of an individual. The disease may affect the senses making it difficult for the patient to see or hear, thereby affecting personal mobility. The disease also has diverse effects on the social life of the individual. Such patients should be assisted to achieve their normal body functioning as suggested by Aldwin and Gilmer (2004). Health care is extremely necessary since it enables the improvement of patients’ lives. Caregivers should consider nutrition, dental care, exercise and physical activity when attending to patients. Care givers should also ensure that patients suffering from cancer stop smoking cigarette. The main aspects that must be addressed in the life of the patient that should be managed effectively include the physical, psychological, and social components. Health promotion and quality of life practices are ver y important in ensuring that patients suffering from chronic diseases such as cancer get necessary support from their care givers. Without health promotion tips, the patient risks suffering from depression; they may even succumb to the disease easily (Aldwin & Gilmer, 2004). Personal perceptions affect Mrs. and Mr. Thomas in several ways. The two see their heath status to bee too serious that they will eventually succumb. Patients who have personal perceptions that they can never get well are very difficult to treat. The nurse can provide the best possible care but without change in perception, there can never be change. Personal perceptions lead to more depression. Secondly, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas believe that friends have

Judicial Assistance In Arbitration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Judicial Assistance In Arbitration - Essay Example This module provides an overview of the agreement by which the parties who decide to submit their disputes to arbitration. This module also discusses the issue known as "separability of the arbitration agreement" and the related principle known as "Kompetenz-Kompetenz". In general, the arbitration agreement provides the basis for arbitration. It is defined as an agreement to submit present or future disputes to arbitration. This concept comprises two basic types: a) A clause in a contract, by which the parties to a contract undertake to submit to arbitration the disputes that may arise in relation to that contract (arbitration clause); or b) An agreement by which the parties to a dispute that has already arisen submit the dispute to arbitration (submission agreement). The arbitration clause therefore refers to disputes not existing when the agreement is executed. Such disputes, it must be noted, might never arise. That is why the parties may define the subject matter of the arbitration by reference to the relationship out of which it derives. The submission agreement refers to conflicts that have already arisen. Hence, it can include an accurate description of the subject matters to be arbitrated.(1)Arbitration is today most commonly used for the re solution of commercial disputes, particularly in the context of international commercial transactions and sometimes used to enforce credit obligations. It is also used in some countries to resolve other types of disputes, such as labour disputes, consumer disputes or family disputes, and for the resolution of certain disputes between states and between investors and states. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1. Dispute settlement, International commercial settlement, Geneva, New York Convention 2005 2 Under English law, the first law on arbitration was the Arbitration Act 1697. The first recorded judicial decision relating to arbitration was in England in 1610(2). The noted Elizabethan English legal scholar Sir Edward Coke refers to an earlier decision dating from the reign of Edward IV (which ended in 1483). The English courts have wide connection with the arbitration. It is true that that the arbitration proceedings are conducted outside the court. Obviously one can say that there can not be any relationship with the proceedings between the court and arbitration tribunal. An arbitration agreement precludes judges from resolving the conflicts that the parties have agreed to submit to arbitration. If one of the parties files a lawsuit in relation to those matters, the other may challenge the court's jurisdiction on the grounds that the jurisdiction of the courts has been waived. Once a conflict has arisen over any of the subjects included in the arbitration agreement, the courts will have no jurisdiction to resolve it unless both parties expressly or tacitly agree to waive the arbitration agreement. But this is always not true. In certain circumstances, a person can seek any sort of judicial assistance in connection with the arbitration not only in civil matters like, labour disputes, consumer disputes, family matters etc. but also in the dispute in international nature, particularly in commercial disputes. Thereby the court enjoys unlimited powers on such proceedings. Now we shall discuss when and where the party can seek the assistance of the Judiciary. Role of Courts in

Problems Faced by Saudi Arabia

Problems Faced by Saudi Arabia Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. It has an appraise population of 27.5 million. Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia. The official language in is Arabic and the Saudi legal system is based on the Islamic constitution. It is the homeland of the Islam, where the two major holy mosques are found. They discovered oil in 1936 which made the country wealthier. Oil accounts for more than 90 percent of exports and nearly 75 percent of government revenues. It provides the government with money to provide health care and education. There are no taxes taken by the government from the residents. Saudi Arabia faces many serious problems which need attention like any other country. According to the researches, Women in Saudi are not allowed to vote only men were admit to vote in the 2005 elections of 179 municipal councils of the country. Also in recent article of al-shaq al-awsat newspaper announced that Saudi Arabia has got the lowest percentage of the world with wo men constitute 5% of workforce. And can u imagine that one person dies each hour in a car accidents because of the high speed? how terrifying is this? what is more, in a report of several studies and smoking prevalence 20% to 40% of the population smoke. This essay will discuss three major issues women rights, car accidents and smoking in Saudi Arabia and the possible solutions for each problem. One of the main major problems that are considered in the Saudi society is women rights. The men and the religious police in Saudi claim that in Islam womens place is at home taking care of their husbands and families, which is not true it is just intellectual invasion. Women suffer from discrimination in the labor market therefore they could not work in the same place with men; their job, according to the men in Saudi, is to stay at home to take responsibility of the house and manipulate with their freedom. For instant, women have no right choosing their husbands, it is usually arranged by their family or the man chooses her and driving is forbidden for them, by law. Besides, women have no right to vote and not allowed to be a part of the weekly council which is where Saudi citizens complaint to a certain member of the royal family who controls the country. Moreover, women are not able to study, travel or work unless they get the permission from their parents. Although they are allo wed to travel they still have to get permission every-time they go to the airport. In addition, all schools and some malls are sex-segregated. As a result of this, men began using that as an advantage by pursuing violence and abusing them in any way possible. However, women try to tackle this problem. For example, a few years ago a group of women from different parts of the country requested a petition, written in it â€Å"recognize woman as eligible, without the need to have the escort of the legal supervisor -such as a father, husband or brother- to be present in case a trade registration record is needed for a woman to start business† and â€Å"the woman is in need to get her own legitimate and civil right, starting from her right to learn, work and health care but not to be conditioned on the permission of the legal supervisor to her rights to transfer her property after her death to her inheritors under the rule of civil service on equal footing with man†. The gov ernment is trying their best to tackle this and they started by announcing to give women identification cards when they register on their custodians identification cards in previous whereas the key reason of treating women in the wrong way refers to gender apartheid so it needs time to get over this ineffectual idea. Secondly, driving cars in a high speed causes many accidents in Saudi Arabia. It costs the government a lot of money yearly which cause decrease in the economy of the country. what is more, the lost of human which costs lives and cost their families tears and long nights without sleeping worrying about what is coming next. Is it death or disability for the rest of their lives? People are dying daily even if they escape the death there is a high possibility to get paralyzed or disable. In a report said that â€Å"the average age of death causalities that result from car accident is 34 years, which means that 26 working years were lost for each person. The economic input of each 26 years is calculated in the annual economic losses of Saudi†. The report found that â€Å" 65% of people with minor causalities need up to 20 days in hospitalized treatment and up to 70 days for rehabilitation. On the other hand, 33% of the minor causalities need up to a full year in treatment and reh abilitation, which results in complete loss of full year economic input for each person. The remaining 2% end up in permanently handicapped that may require up to 15 years of treatment and rehabilitation†. According to the traffic department on the numeration for the last five years approximately more than 1.36 million accident cause death for 21,900 people and about 122,600 coming with injuries. Therefor some possible solution could be follows to help solving this dilemma. For instance, make the driving license test much difficult than it is now with requirement to illustrate driving ability in the Saudis roads and give condensed driving lessons before people start using car. besides, that the government should either charge or punish for speeding. Also should send campaign which focus in damage which causes from the high speed that all could push the people not to drive with high speed in order to help with this problem. finally, last but not least this phenomenon that spread in the saudi society like the cancer when it spreads in the body smoking. people who always smoke are more likely to expose heath problems; lung cancer and heart disease. Smoking in Saudi is becoming like hobby for people. What is really horrifying that the people start smoking in the teenage for the wrong reasons like to make them feel better about themselves and more confident to face the worlds. What is more, the number of smokers in Saudi is increasing which put extra pressure on the heath system. The essential problem which made them go toward smoking that the price of the pack of cigarettes in Saudi is the cheapest in the world what is worse that there is not any law obstruct young people from buying cigarette. however, the people not only smoke cigarette but also shisha (hubby-bubbly) specially women thinking that it is not as harm as cigarette whereas it equals 15 cigarettes. According to one anti-smoking organization sa id â€Å" Saudi Arabia has fourth highest number of smokers per capita in the world. There are 6 million smokers and a growing number of women lighting up†. Also 27% of students in intermediate level smoke, up to 51% of the of the female teachers and educators smoke and 5% of the people in Saudi have lung cancer. The director of the ministry of health ‘s anti-smoking program contended that â€Å"Saudi Arabia loses SR8 billion because of tobacco and spends SR3.5 billion treating smokers every year†. which is affect the economy of the country. So government should focus more in the public problem that faces Saudi Arabia providing awareness campaigns which show the dangerous of smoking and the damage that it causes plus of banning smoking in public and close places. besides rising the price of the pack of cigarettes that is some of the credible solutions which can assist in solving this major problem. To sum up, we discussed the three major problem that faces Saudi Arabia. We suggest some of the possible solutions that government can follow. However, government is trying the best to help in solve this problems which is considered as society issues and this type of problem need more time to be solve because it needs the government concentrates and the society effort at the same time which make it harder to tackle although Saudi Arabia it is not the only country that faces problem each country has it own problem and I think that each country should focus in their problems. above all, lately in the last 2 years government is putting an extra effort in this with is perceptible from the whole Saudis citizens and shocking i the same time because no one expect that enormous change in that short time. Bibliography: 1)Rita Henley Jensen (March 7, 2005). Taking the Gender Apartheid Tour in Saudi Arabia. Womens e-news. Retrieved on 2007-08-21. 2)Handrahan, L. M. (2001), Human Rights tribune 8(1). Retrieved on 2007-08-21, from http://www.hri.ca/tribune/viewArticle.asp?ID=2603 3)Andrea Dworkin (1978). A Feminist Looks at Saudi Arabia. Andrea Dworkin. Retrieved on 2007-08-21,from www.nostatusquo.com 4)Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia), May 18, 2006 translated at Public Debate in Saudi Arabia on Employment Opportunities for Women 5)Al-Watan (Saudi Arabia), June 26, 2006 translated at Public Debate in Saudi Arabia on Employment Opportunities for Women 6) Saudi Arabian Government and Law (2007). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. 7)Islam, women, and Saudi Arabian society (2002). Retrieved on 2007-09-20. 8)human rights from http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/01/18/saudia12230.htm 9)women rights in arab worlds (10th dec. 1999) ,from http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/arabs/arabwomen.html 10)Saudi Arabian womens rights (2007), from http://saudiarabiawomenrights.blogspot.com 11)Muhammad Diyab,Horrible accidents on our roads (2007), from http://desertdiaries.wordpress.com/category/life-in-jeddah/transportation/ 12)Molouk Y. , Mothers terrorized by killer road fear (2007), from http://www.arabnews.com/?page=9section=0article=97197d=8m=6y=2007 13)Al-Jaser Badr, Al-Kuwari Mohamed and Al-Thani Mohamed ,prevalence of smoking among governmental mental heath workers in jeddah (2003) from http://www.ssfcm.org/ssfcm_en/index.php?fuseaction=content.fullcontentmainsection=0000000321Pub=YesNum_of_articals=20artical=0000000412

Existentialism in Franz Kafkas The Metamorphosis Essay -- Metamorpho

Franz Kafka's The Metamorphosis is a masterfully written short story about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes his life to his family and work, for nothing in return.   Only when he is transformed into a helpless beetle does he begin to develop a self-identity and understanding of the relationships around him.   The underlying theme of The Metamorphosis is an existential view that says any given choice will govern the later course of a person's life, and that the person has ultimate will over making choices.   In this case, Gregor?s lack of identity has caused him to be numb to everything around him.      Ã‚  Ã‚   One morning, Gregor awakens to find himself with the body of a beetle.   Although it never explains how Gregor morphed into a beetle, or shows that Gregor gives much thought to having the body of an insect, Kafka gives the strong impression that Gregor is extremely devoted to his work and is the sole support for his family, none of whom work themselves.   Gregor devoted himself to a life of work and self sacrifice, following ...

Literary Analysis of Robin Goodfellow in A Midsummer Night’s Dream Essay

Numerous scholars who examine and analyze the comedy of A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare point to Puck as the most significant character in the play. Although Shakespeare masks Puck’s important role in the comedy by hiding him amongst the more powerful characters, it becomes apparent that Puck’s mischievous attitude and knack for creating chaos are what moves the play along without a designated climax (â€Å"The Comedies: ‘A Midsummer Night’s Dream†). Puck is first introduced in â€Å"Act II Scene I† when a fairy notions Puck’s infamy by inquiring to him, â€Å"Either I mistake your shape and making quite, Or else you are that shrewd and knavish sprite called Robin Goodfellow† (II. i. 33-35). The fact that Puck is especially known for his ability to morph order to disorder, and likewise, foreshadows the idea of Puck playing an important role in the inevitable chaos and subsequent order between both the mortals and the fairies. Puck, the â€Å"shrewd and knavish† fairy assistant to Oberon, plays and undeniably important part in the constant battle between order and disorder in A Midsummer Night’s Dream through his intentional antics, comedic mistakes, and convoluted relationship with both fairies and mortals. The names â€Å"Robin Goodfellow† and â€Å"Puck† were used in traditional fairy lore me as a sobriquet for the devil. The troublesome persona of Puck reflects his name indubitably. One of the predominant characteristics of Puck is his ability to create disorder, where he first displays this nature in â€Å"Act II Scene II† when he mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and anoints his eyes with a love potion. When Lysander wakes up, he immediately falls in love with Helena, discarding his true love, Hermia, by saying, â€Å"Hang off, thou cat, thou burr! Vile thing, let loose† (III. ii. 270). Puck’s next act of mischief in the play is directed towards Nick Bottom and Titania, when he transforms Bottom’s head into that of a burro in order to cause Titania, who was under a love potion, to fall madly in love with him upon her awakening. He expresses his gleeful attitude towards the situating by declaring, â€Å"My mistress with a monster is in love† (III. ii. 6). When listening to Puck’s dialogue between other characters in the play, one can observe that Puck enjoys bringing about chaos to mortals in order to entertain himself and his master, Oberon, just as Philostrate organizes entertainment for his master, Theseus (â€Å"Puck Through the Ages†). That being said, Robin also plays a major part in returning order to the turmoil he formerly caused. In â€Å"Act III Scene II,† at the height of the confusion in which all four Athenian lovers along with Titania and Bottom were affected by magic, Puck begins his campaign to mend the discord. First, he squeezes the love potion into Demetrius’ eyes in order to get him to fall in love with Helena. Then, Puck casts a thick fog on the forest and imitates both Lysander and Demetrius’ voices to get all four lovers to wander near each other without noticing and sleep. Once asleep, Robin squeezes the love potion once more on Lysander’s eyes and declares a return to order by saying, â€Å"Jack shall have Jill, Nought shall go ill; The man shall have his mare again, and all shall be well† (III. ii. 461-63). By using the same kind of mischief that caused the disorder in the first place, Puck was able to harness its power and fix the conflict to restore peace again. Through his manipulation and mischief, Robin Goodfellow was able to conjure up both order and disorder in order to entertain himself, his master, and everyone who hears the play. Furthermore, he moved the play along without a climax by altering the â€Å"reality† that the play contained. Puck even left the audience in confusion when he gave the last word, saying that us the readers could decide for ourselves if the play was real or not. These contributions alone are why Puck is considered the most important character and why the play itself makes sense, is a comedy, and is still a classic example of literature today.

Free Essays on Weber & Dahrendorf

Max Weber and Ralf Dahrendorf Contemporary and classical theorists Max Weber and Social Science Max Weber thought that statements of fact are one thing, statements of value another, and any confusing of the two is impermissible, Ralf Dahrendorf writes in his essay Max Weber and Modern Social Science as he acknowledges that Weber clarified the difference between pronouncements of fact and of value (Dahrendorf). Although Dahrendorf goes on to note the ambiguities in Weber's writings between factual analysis and value-influenced pronouncements, he stops short of offering an explanation for them other than to say that Weber, being human, could not always live with his own demands for objectivity. Indeed, Dahrendorf leaves unclear exactly what Weber's view of objectivity was. More specifically, Dahrendorf does not venture to lay out a detailed explanation of whether Weber believed that the social scientist could eliminate the influence of values from the analysis of facts. Did Weber believe that, even though facts are one thing and values another, soci al and economic facts could be evaluated without the analysis being influenced by values? And what is the relation of objectivity to values? Could objectivity, for instance, be used to show that one value is superior to another? Or does objectivity apply only to the analysis of facts? Do one's values or perspective stem from human nature, metaphysical views, personal identity, or is it just as likely that they are a mere construct of culture? These questions, and others like them, underlie much that has been considered ambiguous in Max Weber's writings: His methodology. Since his death, sociologists and political scientists have been disputing where Weber stood with regard to questions concerning the relationship of objectivity to facts and values. Most of Weber's commentators, Edward Bryan Portis writes, have assumed his advocacy of the fact-value dichotomy, despite his explicit and ... Free Essays on Weber & Dahrendorf Free Essays on Weber & Dahrendorf Max Weber and Ralf Dahrendorf Contemporary and classical theorists Max Weber and Social Science Max Weber thought that statements of fact are one thing, statements of value another, and any confusing of the two is impermissible, Ralf Dahrendorf writes in his essay Max Weber and Modern Social Science as he acknowledges that Weber clarified the difference between pronouncements of fact and of value (Dahrendorf). Although Dahrendorf goes on to note the ambiguities in Weber's writings between factual analysis and value-influenced pronouncements, he stops short of offering an explanation for them other than to say that Weber, being human, could not always live with his own demands for objectivity. Indeed, Dahrendorf leaves unclear exactly what Weber's view of objectivity was. More specifically, Dahrendorf does not venture to lay out a detailed explanation of whether Weber believed that the social scientist could eliminate the influence of values from the analysis of facts. Did Weber believe that, even though facts are one thing and values another, soci al and economic facts could be evaluated without the analysis being influenced by values? And what is the relation of objectivity to values? Could objectivity, for instance, be used to show that one value is superior to another? Or does objectivity apply only to the analysis of facts? Do one's values or perspective stem from human nature, metaphysical views, personal identity, or is it just as likely that they are a mere construct of culture? These questions, and others like them, underlie much that has been considered ambiguous in Max Weber's writings: His methodology. Since his death, sociologists and political scientists have been disputing where Weber stood with regard to questions concerning the relationship of objectivity to facts and values. Most of Weber's commentators, Edward Bryan Portis writes, have assumed his advocacy of the fact-value dichotomy, despite his explicit and ...

Corpus Callosum and Brain Function

Corpus Callosum and Brain Function The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebral cortex lobes into left and right hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the brain hemispheres. Function The corpus callosum is the largest fiber bundle in the brain, containing nearly 200 million axons. It is composed of white matter fiber tracts known as commissural fibers. It is involved in several functions of the body including: Communication Between Brain HemispheresEye Movement and VisionMaintaining the Balance of Arousal and AttentionTactile Localization From anterior (front) to posterior (back), the corpus callosum can be divided into regions known as the rostrum, genu, body, and splenium. The rostrum and genu connect the left and right frontal lobes of the brain. The body and splenium connect the hemispheres of the temporal lobes and the hemispheres of the occipital lobes. The corpus callosum plays an important role in vision by combining the separate halves of our visual field, which process images separately in each hemisphere. It also allows us to identify the objects we see by connecting the visual cortex with the language centers of the brain. In addition, the corpus callosum transfers tactile information (processed in the parietal lobes) between the brain hemispheres to enable us to locate touch. Location Directionally, the corpus callosum is located underneath the cerebrum at the midline of the brain. It resides within the interhemispheric fissure, which is a deep furrow that separates the brain hemispheres. Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum Agenesis of the corpus callosum (AgCC) is a condition in which an individual is born with a partial corpus callosum or no corpus callosum at all. The corpus callosum typically develops between 12 to 20 weeks and continues to experience structural changes even into adulthood. AgCC can be caused by a number of factors including chromosome mutations, genetic inheritance, prenatal infections, and other causes that are unknown. Individuals with AgCC may experience cognitive and communication developmental delays. They may have difficulty understanding language and social cues. Other potential problems include vision impairment, lack of movement coordination,  hearing problems, low muscle tone, distorted head or facial features, spasms, and seizures. How are people born without a corpus callosum able to function? How are both hemispheres of their brain able to communicate? Researchers have discovered that the resting state brain activity in both those with healthy brains and those with AgCC look essentially the same. This indicates that the brain compensates for the missing corpus callosum by rewiring itself and establishing new nerve connections between the brain hemispheres. The actual process involved in establishing this communication is still unknown.

Validity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Validity - Essay Example Validity can be face validity, criterion-related validity, formative validity and sampling validity (Klaus, Boyle and Simon, 13). Reliability and validity are related i.e. closely inter-dependent. Although validity cannot exist without reliability, the latter can exist without validity. Some of the systematic factors that affect both the reliability and validity of measurement include presence of unsystematic events, systematic inconsistency and the change in the event being measured. The unsystematic threats to reliability include subject reliability, situational reliability, observer reliability, instrument reliability and data processing reliability (Klaus, Boyle and Simon, 13). Some of the factors to consider in ensuring reliability and validity include time and money, difference in the measurement expected and reference to a previously validated measure. Some of the measures that can be applied in the improvement of the validity and reliability include ensuring that the goals ar e vividly defined and put into practice, matching the assessment measures to the set goals and objectives, presenting the tests for review to other interested parties, actively involving all participants in a measurement exercise, and comparing the measure with other measures that are

Financial Investment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Investment Analysis - Essay Example This, particularly, must be challenging for companies with global operations that may have their cash balances fragmented across different geographies, banks, and bank accounts which make accessing cash difficult (Huang 2003). In this regard, this paper seeks to address the issue of efficient diversification as a comprehensive strategy in liquidity and stock return. Liquidity of an asset explains the ease with which an asset can be sold after its purchase without incurring further losses and how risks can be mitigated if not minimized (Baker 2006). The various losses that could be incurred may be due to the various transaction costs or price changes or poor investment strategies. Thus the main aim of this study shall be to examine how proportionate efficient diversification increases the neutralization of low pricing and promising high returns (Elton et al. 2007). The paper holds that efficient diversification must there is a potential benefit when risky part of portfolio consists of weighted proportions of all possible risky assets. Naive and Efficient Diversification Studies done on investment on stock markets and equity securities have documented the relationship that exists in weighted portfolios (proportionate or otherwise on risky assets). Broadly speaking, there two causes of uncertainty. Elton et al (2007) note that one of them is risk which relates to broad economic conditions. These include inflation, currency exchange rates, interest rates and business cycle. Interestingly, these macro-economic aggregates cannot be foreseen with implicit surety, yet they impact on the rate of returns. Second, according to them, is a firm-specific influence which affects the organization without obviously affecting other companies (Elton et al. 2007). These include effects such as managerial structure, human resource changes and research and development (Baker 2006). Obviously when diversification is naively done, for instance adding additional security to a risky por tfolio, then this should work to lessen portfolio risk. The implication here is that continued diversification into even other securities more and more decreases the probability of exposition to the specific risk factors of the company, thereby ensuring the falling of portfolio volatility (Jagannathan and Wang 2006). All this happens when it is naive diversification where equally weighted portfolio of many securities is employed (Elton et al 2007). Inherently, if risks are only firm’s specific means, diversification still reduces the risk to reasonable low levels (Baker 2006).This means that when it comes to a situation where the sources of risks are autonomous and there is spreading of investment into numerous securities, there is negligibility of exposure to specific font of risk. This is what is sometimes referred to the insurance principle (Jagannathan and Wang 2006). Regardless of this however, the tragedy is that in a situation where common risk foundations have impact on all companies, even widespread diversifying fails to eradicate risk. At this, portfolio standard deviation reduces when securities numbers increases. Despite this, it is never reduced to zero, and thus there must be a market risk/systematic risk, which is attributed to market forces (Jagannathan and Wang 1996). Else how, efficient diversification is often done when weighted portfolios are employed proportionately.

Device Hardening and Secure Network Design Term Paper

Device Hardening and Secure Network Design - Term Paper Example Bragg, Rhodes-Ousley, & Strassberg (2009) stated that routers have the capability to carry out IP packet check and filter. Access control lists (ACLs) could be configured to authorize or refute UDP and TCP network traffic. These factors are foundational upon the destination or source address, or together, and on the UDP or TCP port numbers enclosed in a packet. Additionally, the firewalls are implemented for additional in-depth examination; tactically positioned router ACLs thus they augment network security. For instance, access control lists could be employed on border routers to drop visibly not needed traffic, eliminating the burden from the border firewalls. Access control lists can as well be employed on WAN links to drop broadcast and additional needless traffic (Bragg, Rhodes-Ousley, & Strassberg, 2009). Servers are intended to bring data in a protected and dependable style for web-based users. Thus, they need to make sure that data confidentiality, integrity, and accessibility are maintained. However, one of the main steps to attain this guarantee is to make sure that the servers are maintained and installed in a way that they could stop illegal access, illegal utilization, and disturbances in service. Additionally, the reason for establishing the server hardening policy is to express the requirements for installing a new server in a secure fashion and maintaining the security integrity of the server and application software. In addition, the server hardening process offers the comprehensive information necessary to harden a server as well as have to be applied for UTEP IT official approval. A number of the wide-ranging steps incorporated in the server hardening process contain (Microsoft Press, 2005). At present, network security has become the most important subject of discussion. Additionally, there are many networking security management and handling measures are available.  Ã‚  

Combustion of a series of Alcohols Essay Example for Free

Combustion of a series of Alcohols Essay The larger the surface area over which the reaction can occur, and the faster the reaction rate. This is because small particles have a large surface area in relation to their volume more particles are exposed and available for collision this means more collisions take place so the reaction is faster. Oppositely large particles have small surface area in relation to their volume fewer particles are exposed and available for collisions. This means less collisions and a slower reaction. To ensure that my test will be fair I have to keep all these factors the same except for one, the concentration. I will have to control the temperature of the room; the particle size will be same as I will shake the substance so it will be equally diffused. Hypothesis I predict that the higher the concentration of hydrochloric acid the faster the reaction occurs. The lower the concentration the slower the reaction is. Supporting information I base this hypothesis on the collision theory as I know that concentration affects the reaction greatly. This is because when there is a higher concentration the particles are closely packed together and there are more successful collisions occurring, thus making the reaction happen quicker. Preliminary For my preliminary I have used various concentrations of hydrochloric acid and 4cm of magnesium ribbon. The concentrations that I decided to experiment was he reason why I am doing a preliminary experiment is so that I know which concentrations of hydrochloric acid to use that would make my experiment more convenient. For the actual preliminary experiment I reacted hydrochloric acid with magnesium ribbon to see how long it took. I did this by watching when the magnesium ribbon had stopped reacting and disappeared. Although I was just using this method to find out how long a particular concentration took to finish reacting I attached a glass syringe to my conical flask to observe how much hydrogen was being produced, so that I could be prepared when it came to doing my actual experiment. The table below shows the amount of hydrochloric acid and water I used for a certain percent and the time taken for the magnesium ribbon to fully stop reacting. Volume of HCL (ml) Volume of H2O % of concentration Time taken for the mg ribbon to disappear (in seconds). From looking at the information from my preliminary I have decided to use the following concentrations for my actual experiment: 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, 100%. The reason why I have decided to use these percentages of concentrations is because even though it shows a variety it will not be as time consuming as 10% concentration of hydrochloric acid took 1205 seconds which was approximately 20 minutes. 10% concentration took so long that I didnt have enough time, there for I left it anonymous. I also realised that even though I experiment 20% of hydrochloric acid it will still take long, there for I decided to lower the amount of magnesium ribbon so I decided to use 3. 5cm instead of 4cm. From doing my preliminary I have decided to repeat my experiment 3 times because this will give me a more reliable results to choose from and an average. This also will be less time consuming then repeating it 5 times. The preliminary experiment also helped my produce a better plan because I learnt that for 100% of concentration the reaction takes place quite quickly there for watching the stop watch had to be done very quickly but correctly. Plan: The apparatus that I will be needing for experiment and why: 3. 5cm of magnesium ribbons to react with HCL Stop watch to measure how long it took for the magnesium ribbon to stop reacting. Hydrochloric acid (1m) to react with the magnesium ribbon Measuring cylinder to measure the concentration of H20 and HCL Pipette to measure smaller concentrations of H20 and HCL Retort stand to hold the syringe Conical flast for the reaction Thermometer to measure room temperature Syringe to measure the volume of hydrogen produced Ruler to measure 3. 5cm of magnesium ribbon Scissors to cut the magnesium ribbon Distilled water to add with the concentrations of HCL Sand paper to sand the magnesium ribbon 1. I will firstly collect all the equipment needed for my experiment, then measure them to the exact measurement. I will start with 100% concentration of hydrochloric acid which will contain no distilled water and 10ml concentration. I will then measure my magnesium ribbon to 3. 5cm and sand it 8 times on each side making sure it is fair. Using the measuring cylinder and pipette I will put my hydrochloric acid into the conical flask. 2. To ensure that the magnesium ribbon doesnt get stuck I will coil the magnesium ribbon with a clean sterilised ruler. 3. I will then attach the syringe onto the retort stand. Then I will attach my conical flask with the syringe. 4. Because I want this test to be fair I cannot do it on my own so my partner will start the stopwatch as soon as I drop the magnesium ribbon into the hydrochloric acid. Then I will seal the conical flask with the cork. 5. Every 10 seconds my partner will tell my the time on the stop watch and then I will look at the syringe to see what the volume of gas produced is. I will note this down very quickly. 6. After the reaction has fully stopped. I will empty the conical flask, then start the same process again but for 80% concentration which is 8ml of hydrochloric acid and 2ml of distilled water. This process will happen for all 5 concentrations. 7. After experimenting all 5 concentrations I will repeat the same process 3 times to ensure my results are fair and reliable. Keeping my experiment fair: making sure all equipment is clean from unwanted substances. sanding the magnesium ribbon same times on each side. hile my partner starts stop watch, I quickly drop magnesium ribbon so it is done at the same time. Use the same length of magnesium ribbon, checking it is exactly 3. 5cm. Safety issues:aking sure I wear my goggles at all times. Tying hair up. Tuck in stalls, and stand up during experiment. Making sure I handle all the equipment correctly. If there is any spillage, quickly wiping it with paper towels. Obtaining evidence: 100% Time (sec) Volume 1 Volume 2 volume 3 Average 1.To find my average number of hydrogen produced I added the 3 volumes together then divided by 3. The answer most close I decided was my average. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Patterns of Behaviour section.

The Role of Mental Variation in Cognitive Science :: Cognitive Sciences Scientific Essays

The Role of Mental Variation in Cognitive Science ABSTRACT: What is the role of mental variation in cognitive science? I will attempt to answer this question by dividing it into two separate questions: (1) what role does mental variation already (or implicitly) play in cognitive science? and (2) would cognitive science benefit by inquiring (explicitly) into the role of mental variation? I will attempt to show that mental variation already plays an important (though not always explicit) role in cognitive science. Additionally, I will suggest that explicating the role of mental variations in cognition may be seen as a vital component of maintaining the strength of certain approaches and "schools" of cognitive science. (1) Preliminary Remarks (a) Introduction What is the role of mental variation in cognitive science? I will attempt to answer this question, as it often happens in philosophy, by dividing it into two separate questions: (1) What role does mental variation already (implicitly) play in cognitive science? and (2) Would cognitive science benefit by inquiring (explicitly) into the role of mental variation? I will attempt to show that mental variation already plays an important, although not always explicit, role in cognitive science. Additionally, I will suggest that explicating the role of mental variation in cognition may be seen as a vital component of maintaining the strength of certain approaches and "schools" of cognitive science. To illustrate this, let me present the relevance of variation in disputes between the connectionist and more traditional theories of cognition. The dispute between more traditional (propositional and "language of thought" based) understanding of cognitive science and recent connectionist theories may be seen as centred, in part, on the role of variation (manipulation) in cognition. More traditional account would appeal to the fact that the correspondence between formal languages and propositional content may be seen as dependent upon the combinatorial structure of strings of symbols. Thus, one may claim that sentences have parts with both fixed and adjustable meanings and that we form new meaningful sentences by rearranging these parts in new combinations. In this case, the ability to vary parts of structured sentences may be seen as quite significant: this ability would help us account for our understanding of propositions we never encountered before. Instead of appealing to the paradigms of cognition which involve either strings of symbols or some sort of propositional structure, connectionists would rather appeal to some type of neural architecture. They argue that the properties of some sort of functional networks in cognition represent the properties of neural activity much closer than the properties of any sequential symbol-processing system.

The War Against Athletes :: essays research papers fc

THE WAR AGAINST ATHLETES   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In schools around the country, many athletes are being subjected to a great indignity. They are being stripped of their personal privileges. They are scorned and questioned of their morale, without cause or evidence. The trust once shared between students and teachers, the bond between children and parents has been torn apart. Athletes ranging from middle school to high school are being subjected to tests for drug use. Drugs that only thirteen percent of the student populations are responsible for. (Brecher, n.pag.) The remaining eighty-seven percent of the students are being accused of, and unrightfully suspected of drug use. But why just athletes? Why not the rest of the students? In their quest for a more civil society, administrators have forgotten their true goals  ­ equality for all students. If an athlete is to be stripped of his rights, why not another student? What makes an athlete more susceptible to drug use than a non-athlete? A clear level of discri mination is evident in the Supreme Court decision to make drug testing of athletes legal in the United States. (no author, 4). It is wrong to suspect a person more likely to do drugs than another person solely on their extra-curricular activities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Athletes are subjected to conditions most students are not. They go through more training and spend more time working than do most other students. Athletes, along with their parent or guardians, spend time and money to participate in athletic events. Each one of them works hard to achieve their personal goals, something that schools try to incorporate into their curriculum all over the country. Athletes are an example to the rest of the student body, through their level of effort and their desire to improve. They are rewarded by shoving their hard-status down the toilet, along with any feelings of privacy or personal pride. Only nobody seems to notice this injustice. For some reason, our society, or its government at least, seems to believe that athletes are the focal point of drug trafficking in schools around the country. By being the uplifting students they are, athletes have drawn attention to themselves. Attention that has gone from sweet to a more hateful su spicious attention. The kind of attention the press brings when a famous person is suspected of wrongdoing. The suspicion feeds on itself, until some anarchist reporter brings it to a rolling boil by exposing the entire scandal.

Participatory Action Research Essay

The youth group was started in 2004 after the youths realized something was going wrong in the community and they were the right people to rectify the situation. They then came together and registered with the Ministry of Culture and Social Services Youth Affairs. It’s a non-profit making organization whose purpose is to address the needs of the youths and to improve the living standards of the community. The group brings together youths of both genders and has no ethnic or racial barriers as it believes youths from whatever background experience the same problems and must come together in order to solve them. Majority of the youths are trained in various fields of education and so it’s a pool of educated young men and women committed to be difference makers in other people’s lives. Currently the group has thirty five fully registered and active members but there is room for more members to join them. Since its formation, the group has provided their voluntary services beyond area of operation to improve the well being of the community. Their areas of activities include youths and community mobilization and awareness on HIV/AIDS, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), guidance and counseling services, education on income generating activities, youth and community education on alcohol and drug abuse, education on leadership and administration, planning and accountability, tree planting exercise and offering voluntary services for the well being of the community. The group is seeking to address the most pressing needs that are affecting them and the community where they are living. These pressing need collaborative efforts as they cannot be solved by the community alone as they need technical expertise and some substantial funding. These needs were prioritized according to their impact in the community and they include; the high unemployment rate among the youth, gender disparity due to the culture, and idleness among the youths leading to irresponsible youth behavior, high infection rate of AIDS and other venereal diseases, drug abuse, poor farming methods leading to food insecurity and afforestation problem.. The members agreed that they had the brains, knowledge and skills and if put together and shared will bring a big change among the group members, other youths and the community at large. Though they have had challenges especially from the elderly community members when discussing on sexual issues, the group is committed to continue working until they have attained their set objectives. Their services to the community have effected some positive changes, which have commended by the community members. The group also works with other major stakeholders who have been helpful to the group in terms of training and financial support. These include the Community Based Organizations, Non-Governmental Organizations, Religious Organizations, Society and the Government to improve the living standards of the community. These stakeholders have been very helpful to the youth group because they have been offering training without charging them any fee, giving the youths some incentives as well as the community and funding their projects at some level. They have been able to work with the group since it was started and have promised they will continue working with them as long as keep the agreement with them. The possible research question that could be answered if the researcher collaboratively worked the major stakeholders is to find out whether their input into the group has had and positive impact to the youth group and to the community. This research question will be a guide to getting some critical information which will be used by the group to improve on the areas that they are not performing well (The research question could be as follows; What has been your input to the group and has it had any impact to the group and to the society? ) The benefits of doing the work the researcher is proposing is that it could again help the group to be able to identify their weakness and then find out solutions for them. It will also open another door for them to meet other partners through the researcher who will pump in some more useful input to the group. Through their interaction with them some critical issues may rise which could not have been solved, but it will be an opportunity to solve them. In one way the group could be advertising or selling itself and what they are undertaking through these formal discussions as the contents of the discussions will be published somewhere, which will get some support for the group. This could be beneficial to the group and to the researcher as he/she will be able to learn more about how groups work. As concerns to the ethical issues, the protocol has to be followed and the group has to be consulted first before anything happens. There should be respect for the group and any information about the group should be kept secret as it is. The researcher should make sure that he/she work within the guidelines of the group and should she/he need any information should follow the right channels but not go to public and tell the public about the group against their wishes References Luft, J (1984). An Introduction to Group Dynamics (3rd Edition). Mountain View, CA: Mayfield Toseland, R& Rivas, R. (2005) Introduction to Group Practice, Allyn & Bacon. New York.

How Denocratic a country was Britain by 1914 essays

How Denocratic a country was Britain by 1914 essays How democratic a country was Britain in 1914? During the late 19th and early 20th Century, several acts were passed by Parliament in an effort to make Britain more democratic. However, whether Britain was completely democratic by 1914 is an issue for debate. In order to decide how democratic Britain was we must first establish what a democracy is. The nine major factors which make a system democratic involve providing a secret ballot to ensure privacy, holding regular elections to make sure it is the government wanted by the people who are in power. A democratic system has universal suffrage and similarly anyone can stand for election, making sure everyone has their say in who represents them. Persons in charge should be elected representatives of the people and the government should be by majority. Everyone should have freedom of speech and protection in law as basic human rights. These are the factors that constitute a democracy, but how many of these were fulfilled in 1914? In 1884 the Franchise Act was passed. This meant the voting population was up to six million. It does not bring universal suffrage but two thirds of all males in Britain were now eligible to vote. This was a vast improvement from the early 19th Century when only one in ten men had the vote. This statistic was improved to one in five after the 1832 Great Reform Act. The 1884 Act was therefore a major step towards democracy as it provided suffrage to many more people than in previous years. Prior to the 1872 Secret Ballot Act landlords and employers had a major influence over many people. In some cases, if you voted against them (i.e. not for their favoured party) you might lose your home or job. This pressure forced many people into voting differently than they would have done without this pressure. The 1870 Government Committee of Enquiry found that bribery and treating were common and so the Secret Ballot Act was meant to res ...

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review

Coraline, by Neil Gaiman - Summary and Review Coraline by Neil Gaiman is a weird and delightfully scary fairy tale/ghost story. I call it delightfully scary because while it grips the readers attention with creepy happenings that may cause a case of the shivers, it is not the kind of scary book that leads to nightmares of the it could happen to me kind. The story revolves around the very strange experiences Coraline has when she and her parents move into an apartment in an old house. Coraline must save herself and her parents from the evil forces that threaten them. Coraline by Neil Gaiman is recommended for ages 8-12. The Story of Coraline The idea behind Coraline can be found in the quotation by C.K. Chesterton that precedes the beginning of the story: Fairy tales are more than true: not because they tell us that dragons exist, but because they tell us dragons can be beaten. This short novel tells the amazing, and creepy, tale of what happens when a girl named Coraline and her parents move into an apartment on the second floor of a very old house. Two elderly retired actresses live on the ground floor and an old, and quite strange, man who says he is training a mouse circus, lives in the flat above Coralines family. Coralines parents are frequently distracted and dont pay a lot of attention to her, the neighbors keep pronouncing her name incorrectly, and Coraline is bored. In the course of exploring the house, Coraline discovers a door that opens onto a brick wall. Her mother explains that when the house was divided into apartments, the doorway was bricked up between their apartment and the empty flat on the other side of the house, the one thats still for sale. Strange sounds, shadowy creatures in the night, cryptic warnings from her neighbors, a scary reading of tea leaves and the gift of a stone with a hole in it because its good for bad things, sometimes, are all rather unsettling. However, its when Coraline opens the door to the brick wall, finds the wall gone, and walks into the supposedly empty apartment that things get really strange and frightening. The apartment is furnished. Living in it is a woman who sounds much like Carlines mother and introduces herself as Coralines other mother and Coralines other father. Both have button eyes, big and black and shiny. While initially enjoying the good food and attention, Coraline finds more and more to worry her. Her other mother insists they want her to stay forever, her real parents disappear, and Coraline quickly realizes that it will be up to her to save herself and her real parents. The story of how she copes with her other mother and the strange versions of her real neighbors, how she helps and gets helped by three young ghosts and a talking cat, and how she frees herself and rescues her real parents by being brave and resourceful is dramatic and exciting. While the pen and ink illustrations by Dave McKean are appropriately creepy, they are not really necessary. Neil Gaiman does a superb job of painting pictures with words, making it easy for readers to visualize each scene. Neil Gaiman In 2009, author Neil Gaiman won the John Newbery Medal for excellence in young peoples literature for his middle-grade fantasy novel The Graveyard Book. Our Recommendation We recommend Coraline for 8 to 12-year-olds. Although the main character is a girl, this tale will appeal to both boys and girls who enjoy weird and scary (but not too scary) tales. Because of all of the dramatic happenings, Coraline is also a good read-aloud for 8- to 12-year-olds. Even if your child is not frightened by the book, the movie version may be a different story.

medea as tragic hero essays

medea as tragic hero essays According to Aristotle, a tragic hero is either an aristocrat or someone of royalty that cannot be evil. The hero has a flaw that causes a mistake in his judgement and leads to the downfall of himself or those around him. Also, the character must recognize his guilt. The Greek play Medea is the tale of a sorceress, Medea, and a fleet commander, Jason, and the conflicts that arise among them. Medea abandons her home and flees to Corinth after foolishly falling in love with Jason. There, two sons are born to them. Jason and Medea remain happy until Jason finds a new love, the King of Corinth's daughter. Filled with rage and overcome with jealousy, her two flaws, Medea sends her rival a poisoned robe, her mistake. Because she fears the king will attempt to avenge the death of his daughter by harming her sons, Medea kills them. By realizing that she will feel the lifelong agony of her sons' deaths, Medea is the tragic hero. The first requirement of being a tragic hero is the character must be either noble or royal. As the daughter of Aeetes, King of Colchis, Medea is royal. However, because she kills her brother and deceives her father, they exile Medea from her home of Colchis. But because Medea is a "sorceress," she possesses magical powers. Therefore, Medea qualifies for being aristocratic or royal. A second characteristic of a tragic hero is he or she cannot be evil. It may seem Medea is evil because she is a "sorceress," but she has a conscience. In act two when Medea says "O women, I cannot do it! . . . Farewell to all my plans! ," she shows that she is considering allowing her children to live. Although Medea kills her sons in the end, having a conscience shows she is not evil. Jealousy and rage are Medea's flaws. When she discovers Jason's new marriage, she becomes furious. Her first reaction is to kill the princess, which is her mistake. After killing the princess, she fears someone will har ...

Is consumer privacy a bigger issue in the online world or offline Assignment

Is consumer privacy a bigger issue in the online world or offline world Why - Assignment Example Efficient privacy policies in the internet make access to information about any products a lengthy process. It discourages advances that are responsive to consumer needs because it limits consumers’ access to online content (Awad and Krishnan, 2006). For that reason, marketers have reduced the privacy levels for them to better market their products, a factor that is hazardous to consumers. In the offline world, consumer information is about purchases and subscriptions, and payment habits, which are sold to marketing firms for target advertisement purposes. Presently, it is interweaved with the online world since the information collected finds its way online (Roberts and Zahay, 2012). However, consumers often have no option because the collection of data is done unwillingly, for instance, through remittances. The damage done by the loss of consumer privacy is immeasurable and often irreversible. Companies have taken little measure to try to control the loss of privacy. In fact, they participate in the sharing of consumer information largely for commercial advantage. Online and offline consumer privacy must be addressed concurrently to be relevant owing to their

Writer's Choice Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Writer's Choice - Movie Review Example The result was a huge loss of public money. It appears that during the early stages of this transition financial sector was favored by politicians; however, during the times of crisis considerable pressure was exerted over political forces by the previously favored financial sector. The role of academics in this regard is also controversial since the income of many such figures is largely based on their work as consultants mainly involved in favoring the working of financial sector. In my opinion, this whole move which started taking its shape in the 80s was a very well planned action which was taken by the learned elite of the society. Their knowledge of fiscal issues coupled with the mal-intent of politicians aimed at targeting the natural greed of a common person; money was used as a tool to convert opposition into friendliness. The ultimate result was the formation of a high-rise mountain of gold which filled the pockets of those who planned it; leaving the others bankrupt and

Economics Extanded Essay, Coursework for the IB Essay

Economics Extanded , Coursework for the IB - Essay Example Irrespective of the product or service that is being studied; it is apparent that all of a sudden the information flow has become more rapid, regulatory structures more oriented to free market structures and the movement of capital and permission to access local markets freer. This has prompted national businesses to target global businesses and the global businesses to target national markets. However lumpiness in the control of market shares is seen as yet which has tended to be diluted monopoly or monopolistic controls of the past and the structures have tended to turn, in general, to oligopolistic structures. Banking industry is no exception. Main features of banking industry, irrespective of jurisdiction have been a long standing history of business, ready demands for its products and services (baring economic downturns) and specific protection enjoyed from the national governments It has experienced a more benign and structured capital adequacy regimes in the form of Basle I an d now Basle II apart from a host of other suggestive and market discipline based stipulations. Fact remains that banks enable target customers to do the essential functions of saving, investing and storing money or money equivalents and therefore banks tend to have a loyal and core segment of consumers on most jurisdictions where they have chosen to operate. Spanish banks are no exception. This has spurred market control strategies from the banks and these strategies coalesce to determine as to what exact form of market does the banking industry of a particular time looks like. Literature has often pointed out to the extent of competition in the banking industry: "Competition has become a recurrent topic in the banking literature. Specifically, during the last decade a great deal of empirical work has attempted to measure the level of competition prevailing in European banking markets. The beginning of the third stage of the Economic and Monetary Union, in January 1999, and the proj ected changeover to the Euro triggered the interest of researchers in this issue" (Rozas, 2007). This paper has the objective of examining the Spanish banking industry and to ascertain, if over the years, such an industry has come to acquire the market form of an oligopoly. This done through an in depth literature review where major arguments are sourced and analyzed and conclusion arrived ,on the basis of such an analysis, if the present day Spanish banking industry resembles a oligopolistic structure. Research Methodology Competition studies in banking industry of various jurisdictions is a very well thought out and researched topic and the literature in this area is rich with several aspects being already examined through deep empirical and theoretical research. Literature also has in store several models of depicting the shape and structure of the markets in which banking industry of a particular jurisdiction finds itself apart from listing and analysis of the various important factors that have caused the present

The Border DisputeWar Between Umma and Lagash Essay

The Border DisputeWar Between Umma and Lagash - Essay Example The border dispute and war between Umma and Lagash has a prominent place in the history of mankind as this marked the only recorded dispute between two city states over the issue of water and agriculture. "The only recorded incident of an outright war over water was 4,500 years ago between two Mesopotamian city-states, Lagash and Umma, in the region we now call southern Iraq." (Postel and Wolf, 60) Umma is greatly famous for the important wars that it fought against Lagash and the chief motivation of these wars was to free itself from paying tributes to the other city state. Competition for the open areas in the Near East followed the expansion of the city state's zone of influence and the border dispute and war between Umma and Lagash is one of the finest illustrations of the intercity wars over agricultural land. In fact, the increased competition over land among these city states is explicit as demonstrated in the series of documents found in the southern state of Lagash. "Over a period of 150 years, from about 2500 to 2350, the kings of Lagash provided their accounts of a border conflict with their northern neighbor Umma. The war was described in terms of a dispute between Ningirsu, patron deity of Lagash, and Shara, god of Umma, over an area of fields called Gu'edena, 'edge of the plain'." (Mieroop, 45) This paper undertakes an analysis of the events that caused the dispute and war between Umma and Lagash which has got immense significance to the historians. The city states of Sumerian civilization began to build upin ancient Mesopotamia around the year 4000 BC and one of the most significant outcomes of these developments was the emergence of several conflicts among them. Following such crucial wars among the city states, the relevance of warfare also increased and factors such as wealth, the availability of transportation, irrigation, luxury goods such as timber, stone and metals etc determined the warfare of the city states. The importance of the conflict between Umma and Lagash is that it was the earliest recorded war between any city states. The city states of Lagash and Umma were on the competition the possession and agricultural usufruct of the fertile region of Guendena for several generations. The war was caused by the violation of an earlier boundary treaty by Umma and Lagash began the war with Umma. The king of Umma was defeated by Eannatum of Lagash in this war which is important for a commemorative stele known as The Stele o f Vultures. "Although it is not the earliest conflict, the first war for which there is any detailed evidence occurred between Lagash and Umma in 2525 B.C., two Sumerian cities located eighteen miles apart The importance of this war to the military historian lies in a commemorative stele that Eannatum erected to celebrate his victory." (Early Sumerian Warfare) The historical importance of The Stele of Vultures was that it corresponds to the first important pictorial of war in the Sumerian period and, thus, there are significant pictorial evidences of the border conflict between Umma and Lagash. The most important document illustrating the border conflict and war between the city states of Umma and Lagash is the account given by King Enmetena and the beginning of Early Dynastic III marks the best documented period for military history. The series of martial inscriptions by the warrior kings of Lagash (2495-2345 BC) provide a clear picture of the war history